好的文章以尽可能少的语言传达一切相关信息。太繁琐的语句会使读者感到困惑，也为我们的想法蒙上阴影。

如何将已写好的文章的表达方式变得更简洁？

George Mason大学写作中心总结了一些小技巧，主要包括短语修改和句子结构修改两类，一起来看看吧~

1 短语修改

1） 删除不必要的副词

这些副词存在与否不影响句子含义。例如extremely, fairly, definitely, entirely等。

原：We found the proposal quite feasible.   

改：删掉“quite”。

We found the proposal feasible.

2） 删除多余的动词和短语

原：My essay will discuss all the new and recent studies in the field.

改：删掉其中多余单词。“new” 和“recent”是一个意思。

My essay will discuss all the recent studies in the field.

3） 较长的短语改为动词

原：First, I will talk about the growing problem of media censorship.

改：First, I will discuss the growing problem of media censorship.

4） 否定结构转换为积极结构

原：Housing for partnered students is not unworthy of consideration.

改：删掉“not”和“un-”

Housing for partnered students is worthy of consideration.

5） 在“this”、“that”或“the”后面加上名词

原：This contributed to the lack of believability in the story.

改：在“this”后添加一个名词匹配主题。

This duplicity contributed to the lack of believability in the story.

6） 用特定名词或短语精准表达意思

原：One of my extracurricular activities is doing thoughtful things for other people.

改：“doing thoughtful things”指什么? 谁是“other people”?

One of my extracurricular activities is doing community service for a local women’s shelter.

2 句子结构修改

1） 主语和主要动词要接近

原：In Johnson (2014), the main purpose of the researcher’s social experiment that observed college students who take SOCI 600 was to measure their responses to certain stimuli.

改：调整句子结构，让主要动词紧跟主语。

Johnson (2014) measured SOCI 600 students’ responses to certain stimuli in a social experiment.

2） 注意“It is”“There are”或类似开头的句子

原：There are two pine trees which grow behind this house.

改：删掉“there are” 和 “which”

Two pine trees grow behind this house.

3） 用更具体的动词替代冗长的疑问句

原：HIV-AIDS education should be focused on sexual education, but the facts about what the disease is and how it affects people are just as important.

改：将疑问句式改为名词短语。

HIV-AIDS education should be focused on sexual education, but the facts about the disease and its effects are just as important.

4） 消除不必要的元话语

原：It is important to note that these guidelines are not universally applicable.

改：如果可以，请删除对句子主要内容进行注释的单词或短语。

These guidelines are not universally applicable.

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编译/婷婷

参考资料：

[1] https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/revising-prose-for-concision-10-tips